Find the exponential Fourier series for this periodic square wave signal with a duty cycle of 50%. The Fourier series allows us to represent any periodic signal as a sum of sinusoids (or complex exponentials), each with its own amplitude and phase. This concept is at the core of signal analysis, communications, and control systems, helping us understand how complex waveforms are built from simpler components. Let’s walk through this example step by step to see how the math translates into the si